Titanium electrodes for water electrolysis for hydrogen production
The water electrolysis hydrogen production industry has a long history, and the electrolytic cell generally adopts a filter-press type bipolar structure or a box-type monopole structure.
Electrolysis of water is to pass a direct current in the water to produce hydrogen and oxygen. Fuel cells use hydrogen as fuel. In order to optimize the environment and reduce pollution, hydrogen will be used as energy for automobiles in the future. Water electrolysis is the only industrial way to make hydrogen from water.
In water electrolysis, oxygen is released on the cathode and oxygen is released on the anode at the same time. The reaction equation is:
H2O——(electrolysis) H2+(1/2 )O2
In the electrolytic cell voltage, the anode overpotential and cathode overpotential account for a large proportion. The size of the overpotential has a lot to do with the electrode material used.
The electrolytic cell of water electrolysis is basically composed of four elements: anode, cathode, electrolyte and diaphragm. The voltage loss varies widely by the combination of electrode material and electrolyte.
In general water electrolyzers, the electrolyte uses 20-30% KOH or NaOH aqueous solution, and the operating temperature is 50-70 degrees. Nickel-plated steel sheet is used for the insoluble anode and carbon steel is used for the cathode. Various surface treatment methods have been considered in order to reduce the hydrogen overpotential. Sulfur-containing nickel electroplating is widely used in Japan. Adding NaCNS to a common aqueous solution can obtain sulfur-containing black-gray nickel plating. Compared with carbon steel, its hydrogen overpotential is 250-300mv lower. Compared with the nickel-plated steel sheet, the oxygen overpotential is also about 100mv lower.
Japan has developed a solid polymer water electrolysis process, which can use a fluororesin-based ion exchange membrane as a solid electrolyte for proton conductors. Due to the thinning of the solid polymer electrolyte, the electrolyte resistance is reduced, which is beneficial to the electrolysis operation at a high current density.
If a solid oxide electrolyte is used, it is possible to apply a high-temperature water electrolysis process using water vapor. The theoretical decomposition voltage of this process is small, the amount of electric energy must be reduced, and especially the overpotential, which is the resistance of the electrolysis reaction, is reduced. Electrolysis method that operates electrolysis at the highest and lowest cell voltages.
In alkaline water electrolysis, nickel-plated steel is used for the electrode, nickel of the same shape, or nickel-plated low-carbon steel, and mild steel is used for the cathode. As a new cathode material, a porous nickel electrode with a large surface area should be tried.
In solid polymer type water electrolysis, since a strong acid electrolyte is used, the electrode material is required to be resistant to acid corrosion, so inexpensive materials such as nickel and iron cannot be used, and expensive platinum group metal materials must be used.
The platinum-iridium-coated titanium electrode, the standard model product has a water supply capacity of 1000 (L/h), which is economical and practical, and has won the favor of the majority of customers with advanced technology, mature technology, reliable quality and reasonable price. The product can be customized according to the actual needs of customers.
Platinum is a silvery-white shiny metal with a melting point of 1772 °C, a boiling point of 3827 ± 100 °C, a density of 21.45 g/cm3 (20 °C), soft, good ductility, thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. Sponge platinum is a gray sponge-like substance with a large specific surface area and strong absorption capacity for gases (especially hydrogen, oxygen and carbon monoxide). Powdered platinum black can absorb a large amount of hydrogen. The chemical properties of platinum are inactive and stable in air and humid environments. When heated below 450 °C, a platinum dioxide film is formed on the surface, which can react with sulfur, phosphorus and halogen at high temperatures. Platinum is insoluble in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid and alkali solutions, but soluble in aqua regia and molten alkali. The oxidation states of platinum are +2, +3, +4, +5, +6. It is easy to form coordination compounds, such as [Pt(NH3)2]Cl2, K[Pt(NH3)Cl5]. Platinum and its alloys are resistant to oxidation and corrosion at high temperatures, and are used to make crucibles, evaporating dishes, electrodes, nozzles, reactors, etc. Platinum and platinum-rhodium alloys are used as furnace wires and thermocouples in high temperature furnaces in the metallurgical, glass and ceramic industries. Platinum is also used to make jewelry.
Baoji JM-TITANIUM—Professional anode design and manufacturer
Over the years, we have been specialized in anode research and development, production and manufacturing, and our products are exported to many countries around the world. Various series of anodes can be designed and produced according to the actual environmental parameters of different users. You are welcome to visit and negotiate.
Nicole
Company: Baoji Jimiyun Dynamic Co., Ltd
Cuntry:China
Add:Baoti road,Jintai,Baoji city,Shaanxi,China
Cel:+86 13369210920
Website:www.jm-titanium.com
