Speaker voice coil is a device that converts electrical signals into mechanical vibrations, and is an important component of the mechanical wave system of electric speakers, also known as the heart of the speaker. Its function is to produce horn sound.
The voice coil in the speaker is responsible for the power part of the speaker. After being powered on, it becomes an electromagnet and exerts force on the permanent magnet. The magnitude of the force changes according to the current, causing the diaphragm to vibrate. The stroke length, air force, speed, etc. of the voice coil can all affect the sound quality.
The working principle of voice coil
When an electrical signal is transmitted to the voice coil, it generates a magnetic field that interacts with the coil on the voice coil, producing an electric current. This current will generate a mechanical vibration, causing the horn cone to vibrate and produce sound.
The performance of the voice coil can affect the sound intensity characteristics, sound intensity level, impedance curve, distortion, transient characteristics, speaker parameters, sound quality, etc. of the speaker, especially in relation to the power and lifespan of the speaker. Just like the fatal factor of heart disease, damage to speakers often begins with the voice coil.
In addition, the voice coil is the central part of the speaker's vibration system. When powered on, it becomes an electromagnet that, after interacting with the permanent magnet, drives the diaphragm to produce sound in a stationary manner along the axis. The stroke length, air force, speed, etc. of the voice coil can all affect the sound quality.
The voice coil is the heart of a speaker, usually made of copper enameled wire wrapped around a frame. The voice coil is also the main cause of the sound pressure level, impedance curve, distortion, and transient characteristics of a loudspeaker, and determines the power and lifespan of the loudspeaker. The damage to the speaker is often caused by the damage to the voice coil. The quality of a voice coil depends on whether it can withstand high temperatures and whether it has strong adhesion. The voice coil is a key component in the conversion of electricity to sound in a speaker. The electrical energy input to the voice coil is converted into mechanical energy, which drives the vibrating plate to produce sound. The voice coil is made by winding painted wire on the core tube through a winding machine. The parameters and quality of the voice coil winding have a great impact on the rated power frequency characteristics, total harmonic distortion, and service life of the speaker.
The speaker units for high, medium, and low frequencies have different requirements for the voice coil. How to select the voice coil parameters within the specified size range to generate greater value.
The voice coil of a high-frequency speaker has relatively thinner wires, commonly made of two materials: copper wire and aluminum wire. When applied to the voice coil of a high-frequency speaker, aluminum wire is lighter than copper wire and can achieve better transient response. Copper wire has lower resistance and is inferior to copper wire in terms of load-bearing capacity and durability.
The voice coils of mid-range and subwoofers are often made of copper wire, as copper wire is thicker and can withstand high power. Some subwoofers on the market choose to wrap multiple layers of voice coils to increase their load-bearing capacity.
A typical voice coil is wound around a paper tube, but paper is not a good conductor of heat and only has the advantage of being lightweight. In order to improve heat dissipation efficiency, some speakers wrap their voice coils around aluminum tubes, which significantly improves heat dissipation and load-bearing capacity compared to paper tubes.
Common types of faults in the function of voice coils:
1. Open circuit of voice coil: refers to the phenomenon where the voice coil breaks or falls off during vibration, resulting in the inability of current to be transmitted to the voice coil normally, making the speaker unable to work properly. According to statistics, open circuit of the voice coil is one of the most common faults of the horn voice coil, accounting for about 30% of the total faults.
2. Short circuit of voice coil: Due to the decrease or disappearance of the resistance value of the voice coil itself, the current is too high, causing the voice coil to overheat or even burn out. According to statistics, voice coil short circuits account for about 25% of the total faults in speaker voice coils.
3. Eccentricity of voice coil: Refers to the deviation of the voice coil from the center position during vibration, resulting in an imbalance of the speaker's vibration system and affecting sound quality. According to statistics, voice coil eccentricity accounts for about 15% of total speaker voice coil failures.
4. Loose voice coil: Due to loose screws or aging glue that fix the voice coil, the position of the voice coil may move or fall off. According to statistics, loose voice coils account for about 10% of total speaker voice coil failures.
5. Other faults: In addition to the common faults mentioned above, they also include voice coil breakage, voice coil deformation, and voice coil moisture, which account for about 20% of the total faults of the horn voice coil.
Analysis of the Causes of Voice Coil Malfunctions:
1. Manufacturing process issues: The horn voice coil may have process defects during the manufacturing process, such as uneven coil winding, excessively thin or thick coil wire diameter, which can lead to unstable mechanical strength and electrical performance of the voice coil.
2. Poor operating environment: Speakers may be affected by environmental factors during use, such as high or low temperature, high humidity, and excessive dust, which can lead to aging and damage of the voice coil.
3. Excessive current: When the current input to the speaker is too high, it can cause the voice coil to overheat or even burn out.
4. Mechanical vibration: Speakers may be affected by mechanical vibration during use, such as impact or excessive vibration, which may cause the voice coil to shift or detach.
5. Improper maintenance: The lack of proper maintenance and upkeep of the speaker during use, such as improper cleaning or the use of inappropriate cleaning agents, may result in corrosion or damage to the voice coil.
6. Contact erosion: If the micro horn is pressed for a long time, it is easy to cause erosion of the horn contacts and impedance. The current flowing through the electromagnetic coil weakens, the electromagnetic attraction decreases, and the armature cannot be attracted to drive the diaphragm to vibrate normally, resulting in hoarse or even no sound. There are also cases where when the horn is continuously pressed, a strong current passes through the impedance during the pressing period, and it will work normally. When the current ends, it will not continue to work, and there are intermittent good and bad situations.
7. Leakage in the seal causing moisture: Although the interior of the micro horn is sealed, if the seal is not tight enough, the contacts will also be affected by moisture and unable to function properly when being washed by water vapor or mist in the air.
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