The main methods of forging forging forming are free forging and die forging.
Free forging (referred to as free forging) is a simple and flexible basic forming method for metal plastic processing. It uses the upper and lower anvils of forging equipment and some simple general-purpose tools to make the blank produce plastic deformation under pressure. Free forging can be divided into manual forging and machine forging. With the rapid development of the machine manufacturing industry, machine forging is mainly used in production now. According to different types of forging equipment, machine forging can be divided into forging hammer free forging and hydraulic press free forging. The former is used for forging small and medium forgings, while the latter is mainly for forging large forgings.
Because the tools used in free forging are simple, versatile and flexible, it is suitable for the production of single-piece and small-batch forgings. Free forging is formed by gradually deforming the blank, and the tool is only partially in contact with the blank, so the required equipment power is much smaller than that of die forging, so free forging is also suitable for forging large forgings. For example, a 10,000-ton die forging hydraulic press can only forge forgings weighing several hundred kilograms, while a 10,000-ton free forging hydraulic press can forge large forgings weighing more than 100 tons. It can be seen that for the forging of large forgings, only free forging forming technology can be adopted. However, free forging relies on the operation of workers to control the shape and size of the forging, so the precision of the forging is poor, the forging productivity is low, and the labor intensity is high. In view of the above deficiencies, free forging production has been continuously improved and developed in terms of improving the precision of forgings and realizing mechanization in recent years.
Die forging is the main process of forging forming. The equipment used mainly includes die forging hammer, anvil-less hammer, crank press, screw press and high-speed hammer. Die forging has high productivity, stable size of forgings, and high material utilization, so it is widely used in batch and mass production of small and medium-sized forgings. In industries such as automobiles, tractors, aircraft, and power machinery, it is estimated that the number of die forgings is large, accounting for about 90% of the total weight of forgings in these industries.
In addition to free forging and various die forging basic methods, forging forming also has some other special forming methods, such as electric upsetting, cold extrusion, rotary forging, roll forging, swing rolling, multi-hammer precision forging, magnetic forging, super Plastic forming, hydrostatic forming, suspension forging, etc. have developed rapidly in the past twenty years at home and abroad. This kind of special forging forming technology will effectively promote the rapid development of the material processing industry.
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