Titanium alloy has the advantages of low density, high specific strength, good corrosion resistance, high heat resistance, and good process performance, making it an ideal structural material for aerospace engineering. It is widely used in various fields.
Titanium is a new type of metal, and its properties are related to the impurity content of carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and other impurities. The purest titanium iodide impurity content does not exceed 0.1%, but it has low strength and high plasticity. The performance of 99.5% industrial pure titanium is: density ρ= 4.5g/cm3, melting point 1725 ℃, hardness HB195.
1. High strength
The density of titanium alloys is generally around 4.51g/cm3, which is only 60% of that of steel. The strength of pure titanium is only close to that of ordinary steel, and some high-strength titanium alloys exceed the strength of many alloy steels. Therefore, the specific strength (strength/density) of titanium alloy is much higher than that of other metal structural materials, and it can produce components with high unit strength, good rigidity, and light weight. At present, titanium alloy is used for the engine components, framework, skin, fasteners, and landing gear of aircraft.
2. High thermal strength
The usage temperature is several degrees higher than that of aluminum alloy, and it can still maintain the required strength at medium temperatures, and can work for a long time at temperatures ranging from 450 to 500 ℃; Titanium alloys still have high specific strength in the range of 150 ℃ to 500 ℃, while aluminum alloys have a significant decrease in specific strength at 150 ℃. The working temperature of titanium alloy can reach 500 ℃, while that of aluminum alloy is below 200 ℃.
3. Good corrosion resistance
Titanium alloys work in humid atmospheres and seawater media, and their corrosion resistance is much better than stainless steel; Strong resistance to pitting, acid corrosion, and stress corrosion; It has excellent corrosion resistance to organic substances such as alkali, chloride, chlorine, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, etc. However, titanium has poor corrosion resistance to reducing oxygen and chromium salt media.
4. Good low-temperature performance
Titanium alloys can still maintain their mechanical properties at low and ultra-low temperatures. Titanium alloys with good low-temperature performance and extremely low interstitial elements can maintain a certain degree of plasticity at -253 ℃. Therefore, titanium alloy is also an important low-temperature structural material.
5. High chemical activity
Titanium has high chemical activity and produces strong chemical reactions with O, N, H, CO, CO2, water vapor, ammonia, etc. in the atmosphere. When the carbon content is greater than 0.2%, hard TiC will be formed in the titanium alloy; When the temperature is high, the interaction with N will also form a TiN hard surface layer; At temperatures above 600 ℃, titanium absorbs oxygen to form a hardened layer with high hardness; An increase in hydrogen content can also form a brittle layer. The depth of the hard and brittle surface layer generated by gas absorption can reach 0.1-0.15mm, and the degree of hardening is 20-30%. Titanium also has a high chemical affinity and is prone to adhesion with friction surfaces.
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