Application Progress of Titanium-based Noble Metal Oxide Coated Electrodes
Under the background of energy shortage and environmental degradation, traditional graphite anodes and lead-based alloy anodes hinder their development in chemical, metallurgy, electroplating, protection, environmental protection and other industries due to high energy consumption, short life, frequent maintenance or lead pollution. People thus turn to research on new coated anodes with low energy consumption and long life. In 1965, Beer obtained the patent right of the RuO2-TiO2 coated electrode, and three years later, De Nora of Italy realized its industrial application in the chlor-alkali industry; in 1973, Bianchi and others obtained the patent right of the IrO2-Ta2O5 coated electrode. This kind of coating electrode has been applied in galvanizing of steel sheet [1]. Since then, the application of titanium-based noble metal oxide-coated electrodes has opened a new chapter. The author introduced the types and advantages of titanium-based noble metal oxide coated electrodes, reviewed the application progress of coated titanium electrodes, pointed out the existing problems in application, and prospected the development direction of coated titanium electrodes, in order to provide a more reasonable The application of noble metal oxide-coated titanium electrodes provides a reference.
1 Types and advantages of coated titanium electrodes
Coated titanium electrode is a kind of metal electrode material made of metal titanium as the base and coating the active coating with platinum group metal oxide as the main component on its surface. Usually the coating consists of active and inert ingredients. According to the different active components in the coating, the electrodes are generally divided into RuO2 and IrO2. Due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the titanium substrate and the coating, and multiple thermal and cooling cycles during the preparation process, the coating has a porous and cracked morphology. Compared with lead-based alloy anodes and graphite anodes, coated titanium electrodes have the following advantages [3]: (1) The electrode size is stable, the electrode spacing is constant during electrolysis, which can avoid short circuits between electrodes; (2) Oxygen evolution (chlorine) potential (3) long working life; (4) high chemical stability, no pollution to cathode products; (5) light weight, high mechanical strength; (6) easy to make shape, high precision (7) The base titanium can be used repeatedly; (8) It can work under high temperature and high current density.
2. Application of Coated Titanium Electrodes
Since RuO2-based coated titanium electrodes and IrO2-based coated titanium electrodes have been applied in the chlor-alkali industry and steel galvanizing industry successively, the application fields of coated titanium electrodes have been continuously expanded, and energy-saving and environmental protection benefits have gradually emerged, and even promoted the chlor-alkali industry. The rapid development of some industries such as industry and metal foil materials.
2.1 Chemical industry
Chlorine to alkali
In 1973, Tianyuan Chemical Plant in my country used the coated titanium electrode electrolyzer for the first time in the chlor-alkali industry. By the end of 1988, 2,800 coated titanium electrode electrolyzers had been put into use in my country alone. The coated titanium electrode used in Japan has an area of 100,000 m2, and the world is up to 1 million m2. When using the traditional graphite anode, the working current is 900A·m-2 and the cell voltage is 4.4V, while using the coated titanium electrode, the current density can be increased to 2000A·m-2, but the cell voltage is only 3.6V . It can be seen that the coated titanium electrode not only saves energy significantly, but also greatly improves the production capacity.
2.1.2 The production of sodium hypochlorite is different from the factory operation, and a small sodium hypochlorite generator can easily prepare a small amount of low-concentration sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution. Due to the advantages of simple structure, low price, convenient use and maintenance, etc., the sodium hypochlorite generator has been widely used. When using graphite anode, the life is short, only more than 1 month, while using RuIrTiSnMn oxide-coated titanium electrode, the life is about 5 years. In addition, the graphite particles exfoliated from the graphite anode often block the channel and affect the operation of the generator, and the coated titanium electrode can avoid these problems.
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